The human consumption of fish has a significant place. Fish and products of fish meat belong to the same group of foods containing eggs and various types of meat from animals for slaughter, as well as their products, because they have a lot of similarities in terms of energy, nutritive and biological value. As for our country, consumption of fish can not be satisfied because it is relatively small. According to some data, the average consumption of fish per capita, in the period before the imposition of sanctions against our country, was about 3.5 kg per year, which is very little. Much more important than the information on the average consumption of fish is that this energy is not uniform, and the same in all regions of our country, which is understandable. The population living on the water, eating fish far more than living in the mainland. However, these differences are so great that for a good part to say that the fish almost did not eat or eat very rarely. BASED TECHNOLOGY farming in ponds Fish ponds are artificially constructed or adapted to the lake, which can, if desired, can be emptied or filled with water. In the system of inland waters have a special place, because they are at greater human impact than any other type of inland waters. For the classification of the pond can serve a variety of factors, but the ponds are usually divided into coldwater (mainly breeding salmonids) and warm water or carp ponds, where it is grown as a main carp fish. Type ponds determine climatic conditions and water quality. They determine the specificity of the technological process and the complex technical and fishing intenzifikacijskih measures to ensure the achievement of maximum possible yield of fish. It is particularly important to mobilize all possibilities to increase and utilization of natural food base of the pond. It is necessary to provide the optimum environment for fish life favorable hydrochemical state, regulation and rational exploitation of biological circular flow of matter in the water. The quality of water in the ponds is tested in three directions, ie. Physical, chemical and biological state of quality. Physical properties of water have a direct impact on the pace and intensity of the growth of the fish in the pond, or directly influence the production ponds. Basic measurements refer to the water temperature, depth and clarity. ponds The depth of water in the carp ponds ranges usually 1-2 m. Due to the low depth of the chemical and biological processes plays an important role water temperature. The optimal water temperature ranges from 20 to 27 ° C. Many of increase or decrease in water temperature detrimental effect on the development of natural fish food and its utilization, which results in disorder growth of fish. High water temperatures especially in the presence of large amounts of organic matter and ammonia causes the appearance of various fish diseases. The chemical composition of water is an important amount of dissolved oxygen (pH) reaction of water, their quantity in the water is continuously measured while measuring the amount of other chemical elements is performed in cycles, periodically. It is believed that the life of fish and other organisms that live in water ponds necessary 10 major and 7 minor chemical elements. To find the basic elements: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron, and less important as sodium, chlorine, fluorine, silicon, manganese, iodine and arsenic. The lack of some of these elements in water can cause negative effects on the fish was either to other organisms, but also can disrupt the balance of life within the pond. Oxygen, without which life is impossible aquatic animals is in the lead in the dissolved form and on its amount and the possibility of recovery fishery experts must always be taken into account. Part of the oxygen is provided from the atmosphere over the water surface of the pond, a part is created or released assimilation of water plants. If the insured balance, supplement oxygen in the water is a constant and sufficient for the needs of organisms that use it. If the balance is disturbed, resulting shortage of oxygen that can be caused by rotting organic material, shortage of light, the increase in water temperature or water pollution. Long-term shortage of oxygen causes a reduction in activity in fish and feed efficiency, thereby reducing the fish exhausts and her general resistance to other unfavorable environmental factors and pathogens. This situation disturbed the balance of dissolved oxygen causes damage in other aquatic animals. In order to prevent a lack of oxygen, should be immediately accessed supplement oxygen and able to find the causes of the phenomena of shortage of oxygen. Amendment oxygen is provided by flowing fresh water through the pond by injecting oxygen aeration, "ventilation" of water by means of pumps, and removal of winter's icy crust and cutting a hole in it for the sake of air supply. Oxygen content is largely dependent on water temperature, the water cooler is capable to dissolve more oxygen. For fish farming and even animals in the water, most suited to the water (pH) values ​​of 7.5 to 8 active reaction (pH) of the water changes according to the seasons, winter and in the fall it is generally stable, while the years undergone major daily fluctuations. Daily changes (pH) are related mostly to the development of phytoplankton, that is, consumption of CO2 in the assimilation process and release CO2 in the process of breathing. In particular, the large fluctuations occurring during the development of blue-green algae. The watershed supplies water pond, may contain toxic substances, as well as chlorine, phenol, ammonia, etc., which have harmful effects on wildlife in the pond. These substances can get into the pond in a natural way, as a by-product of plants and animals as wastewater industry, so that on their concentration must be taken into account. In the technological process of the fish plays an important role productivity of the pond, which influences the total amount of fish produced per hectare, and by that monitors the average weight of fish, meat quality and percentage fat content. Ponds according to their productivity parts of the highly productive ponds and small productivity. In highly productive ponds should enter as much fertilizer to the content and composition of organic and mineral matter and biogenic elements in them does not decrease, but on condition that the oxygen regime is maintained in the optimal range. Small ponds productivity should be fertilized with larger quantities of fertilizers in view of the improvement of physical and chemical composition of the bottom and the water of the pond, but so that the oxygen regime remain in the optimal range. It follows that on poor soils need to invest more and that means that the financial effect of the production will be lower. To achieve the highest possible production must be well aware of the chemical and biological parameters in the production process within the pond. Pond can be considered agricultural land covered by water, which creates a certain biomass. This biomass consists of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes and benthic fauna. In order to create the most favorable conditions for fish farming all available phytomass and zoomasa must be fully utilized to feed the carp, which is the basis of cheap production in carp ponds. You should also include some scientific disciplines that are generally used in livestock production: selection, feeding and animal hygiene. Special monitoring should be hydrochemical regime that specifically changes within the breeding period of carp. An important role is played by the use of cultural practices (fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus), which allows an increase in phytomass, and thus through the feeding of fish and increasing the productivity of the pond. How much and what kind of fertilizers should be fertilized pond must show chemical analysis of bottom and water, as well as hydrobiological analysis. Supplemental feeding the carp in the pond is carried out in certain places that are marked with stakes or floats. The number of such feeding is determined by the size of the pond and the intensity of production and it must be at a depth of 1 to 1.5 m which are somewhat protected from the water birds. Food on feeding transported by boat to eject food, or regular dealer from whom the food is ejected manually, with a shovel. In addition to this mode now used automatic feeders and Feeder for recharge consumer carp, especially in small ponds. If the food is thrown out of the boat directly into the pond number of feeding is determined on the basis of area or number of pieces of carp in the pond, so that the 3 ha area of ​​the pond, or, at 3,000 to 5,000 pieces of carp need one feeding. With automatic feeders is calculated on three times the number of fish, and 9000-15000 fish per automatic feeder. For sports and recreation pond is planned restocking bream. This is fish still waters. Young bream feed on zooplankton and bottom fauna older. They grow up to 2 kg, length of 40-50 cm. The diet used twice as much dry matter of carp, including the increment which is quite spor.Deverika complements habitat carp and does not threaten it in the diet. The main food of older specimens are the larvae of mosquitoes and insects, and minor food tiny clams and snails. To young bream developed to be executed fertilizing ponds artificial fertilizers, which allows increased phytoplankton develop, and through them and zooplankton. The amount of fertilizer needed for fertilization of the surface is about 0:46 to 1 kg kg yield. fish pond To be economically justified carp ponds should have an area of ​​at least 0:30 ha. According to our climate are located in the plain areas at an altitude of 500 m. The planning of production gives the example of fish pond area of ​​9.5 ha and sports and recreational pond area of ​​1.66 ha. Restocking is done young carp weighing 75 to 150 g or 100 g / piece as the mean weight younger. For the pond should be planned 15,000 pieces of young carp per hectare, respectively, 15,000 x 9.5 = 142,500 pieces or 15,000 x 0.1 x 9.5 = 14,250 kg younger. Production of consumer carp, grown to 1,000 g / piece, is the loss of 15,000 x 1 x 9.5 kg ha x 0.98 = 139,650 kg per year. Sport - recreational pond Restocking is planned with younger bream weighing 60 g / piece. For the whole pond should be planned 8,000 units / ha, ie, 8,000 x 1.66 = 13.280 pieces and 13.280 pieces x 0.06 kg / piece = 796.8 approximately 800 kg. Production bream per year is 13.280 x 0.2 x 0.85 = 2.257 kg. YIELD FISH fish pond • fry 100g • fattened carp for 1 year 1000g • total yield 1000 - 100 = 900 g • yield (+ fed from biomass) = 139.650 pcs. x 0.9 = 125,685 kg. • yield carp biomass 125,685 kg x 0.25 = 31,421 kg. • yield fed carp 125,685 kg - 31,421 kg = 94,264 kg. • food coefficient of 2.70 kg of feed per kg yield carp • total food consumed 94,264 kg x 2.7 = 254,513 kg. The composition of food: • 40% of corn = 101,805 kg • 15% of wheat = 38,177 kg • 20% = 50 903 kg of soybean • 5% of fishmeal = 12,726 kg • 20% of barley = 50,903 kg • use of fertilizers 139.650 kg * 0.46 kg = 64,239 kg • nitrogen fertilizer 50% • 50% of phosphorus

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